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Type Rating

A type rating is required by ICAO Annex 1 for any aircraft that requires more than one pilot or has a maximum takeoff mass exceeding 5,700 kg. This guide covers the type rating process, what to expect during ground school and simulator training, how to prepare for the skill test, and key differences between EASA and FAA type rating requirements. Whether you are heading to your first B737 type rating or transitioning to a widebody A350, this comprehensive guide will prepare you.

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Who Needs This

New airline pilots getting their first type rating (B737, A320, etc.)
Experienced pilots transitioning to a new aircraft type
Corporate/business jet pilots (Citation, Gulfstream, Challenger, etc.)
Military pilots converting to civilian type-rated aircraft
Pilots seeking to add a second or third type rating
Cadet pilots completing airline-sponsored training programs

EASA States

Type rating per Part-FCL Subpart H. Training at EASA ATO. Skill test with TRE. Typically 6-8 weeks.

FAA (United States)

Type rating per 14 CFR 61.63. Can be added to private/commercial/ATP. Training at 142 school or Part 61. Practical test with DPE or airline check airman.

CAAC (China)

Type rating through approved Chinese ATOs. Ground school + sim + line training. Chinese-specific procedures added.

CASA (Australia)

Type rating endorsement on pilot licence. Flight test with CASA examiner.

DGAC (LATAM)

Most LATAM countries accept EASA or FAA type ratings with validation. Some require additional local exams.

What's Covered

Ground School Phase

1Aircraft systems: hydraulics, electrics, pneumatics, fuel, flight controls
2Powerplant: engine types, performance parameters, limitations, FADEC
3Avionics: FMS, EFIS, autopilot modes, warning systems (TCAS, EGPWS, WXR)
4Performance: takeoff and landing calculations, MEL/CDL considerations
5Normal procedures: flows, checklists, SOP sequences
6Non-normal and emergency procedures: memory items, QRH usage, ECAM/EICAS philosophy
7Aircraft limitations: speeds, weights, altitudes, system limitations

Simulator Training (FSTD Phase)

1Fixed-base simulator (FBS) sessions for procedures and flows — typically 4-6 sessions
2Full-flight simulator (FFS) sessions for flying skills — typically 8-12 sessions
3LOFT (Line Oriented Flight Training) — realistic line scenarios
4Engine failure during takeoff (V1 cut) and go-around procedures
5Rejected takeoff (RTO) drills
6Instrument approaches: ILS CAT I/II/III, VOR, NDB, RNAV
7Circling approaches, visual approaches, and missed approach procedures
8Emergency scenarios: engine fire, rapid decompression, smoke/fumes, hydraulic failure
9Crew Resource Management (CRM) applied throughout all sessions

Skill Test / Proficiency Check

1EASA: Skill test per Part-FCL Appendix 9 — conducted by a Type Rating Examiner (TRE)
2FAA: Practical test per applicable Airman Certification Standards (ACS) or PTS
3Normal operations: departure, cruise, arrival, approach, and landing
4Non-normal operations: engine failure, system failures, weather diversion
5Instrument procedures: at least one precision and one non-precision approach
6Oral examination: aircraft systems, limitations, emergency procedures

Standards & Requirements

  • ICAO Annex 1 — Type rating required for multi-crew aircraft or MTOM > 5,700 kg
  • CPL or ATPL (or MPL for EASA multi-crew type ratings)
  • EASA: MCC (Multi-Crew Cooperation) course if first multi-pilot type rating
  • Valid Class 1 medical certificate
  • Typically 200+ hours total flight time (airline requirements vary, usually 500+)
  • ICAO English Level 4 minimum for international operations

Key ICAO Standards & Documents

  • ICAO Annex 1 — §2.1.5 (Type ratings for aeroplanes)
  • EASA Part-FCL Subpart H — Class and Type Ratings
  • EASA Part-FCL Appendix 9 — Skill Test for Type Ratings
  • 14 CFR §61.63 — Additional Aircraft Ratings
  • ICAO Doc 9868 — PANS-TRG (Type Rating Training)

How to Prepare

1

Study aircraft systems manuals (FCOM/FCTM) before ground school starts — get ahead on systems knowledge

2

Learn memory items and limitations cold before the simulator phase

3

Practice flows and checklists using cockpit posters or iPad apps (e.g., A320 or B737 trainer apps)

4

Chair-fly procedures: sit in a chair, visualize the cockpit, and talk through each procedure step by step

5

Focus on standard operating procedures (SOPs) — airlines test adherence to SOP, not stick-and-rudder

6

Review instrument approach procedures and plate reading skills

7

Practice CRM skills: callouts, cross-checks, brief/debrief habits

8

Get enough rest — simulator training is mentally demanding, fatigue is your enemy

Key Differences by Region

FAA

Type rating can be added at any certificate level (private through ATP). Practical test with DPE. No mandatory MCC course. More flexibility in training structure.

EASA

Type rating training must be at an approved ATO. MCC course required for first multi-pilot type. Structured syllabus per Part-FCL. Skill test with TRE per Appendix 9.

CAAC

Additional Chinese-specific procedures and regulations. Training at CAAC-approved facilities. May require Chinese language proficiency for domestic operations.

CASA

Type endorsement added to licence. Flight training at approved facilities. Type-specific examinations.

Frequently Asked Questions

How long does a type rating course take?

Typically 6-8 weeks for a full type rating course. This includes about 2-3 weeks of ground school and 4-5 weeks of simulator training (depending on the aircraft type and authority).

How much does a type rating cost?

Self-sponsored type ratings range from $15,000 to $40,000+ depending on the aircraft type and location. Airlines typically cover the cost for pilots they hire, sometimes with a training bond.

Can I get an FAA type rating with an EASA license?

You need a valid FAA certificate to hold an FAA type rating. You can obtain an FAA certificate based on your EASA license under 14 CFR 61.75 (foreign-based) or by converting fully.

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