Radio Navigation Questions

A VOR operates in which frequency band?

The VOR reference signal is:

A CDI showing full-scale deflection on a VOR indicates the aircraft is at least:

Station passage on a VOR is indicated by:

The cone of confusion above a VOR station:

Doppler VOR (DVOR) was developed primarily to reduce:

The maximum theoretical range of a VOR at FL350 (assuming station elevation at sea level) is approximately:

Scalloping of a VOR signal refers to:

An NDB operates in which frequency band?

The ADF needle on an RBI (Relative Bearing Indicator) points to:

To find the QDM (magnetic heading to the station) using an RBI, you calculate:

Coastal refraction of NDB signals causes:

Night effect on ADF is caused by:

Thunderstorm effect on ADF causes the needle to:

Mountain effect on NDB/ADF results from:

Quadrantal error in ADF is caused by:

DME operates on frequencies in the:

DME provides distance based on:

DME slant range error is greatest when:

An aircraft at FL300 directly over a DME station would read:

A DME station can handle a maximum of approximately:

The ILS localizer operates in the frequency range:

The ILS glideslope transmitter operates in the frequency range:

Full-scale deflection on an ILS localizer represents:

The standard ILS glideslope angle is:

Full-scale deflection on the ILS glideslope indicator represents:

The outer marker of an ILS is identified by:

The middle marker of an ILS transmits:

A CAT I ILS approach has a minimum DH of:

A CAT II ILS approach has a DH not lower than:

ILS localizer signal reliability is protected within a sector of:

False glideslope signals can be received at an angle of approximately:

The ILS localizer antenna is located:

The ILS glideslope antenna is located:

MLS (Microwave Landing System) operates in which frequency band?

The main advantage of MLS over ILS is:

The GPS constellation nominally consists of:

GPS determines position by measuring:

RAIM (Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring) requires a minimum of how many satellites?

SBAS (Satellite-Based Augmentation System) improves GPS by providing:

EGNOS is the SBAS system for:

GBAS (Ground-Based Augmentation System) is used for:

RNP AR approaches require:

GPS satellites orbit at an altitude of approximately:

Selective Availability (SA) on GPS was:

The GPS frequency L1 is:

RNAV allows aircraft to navigate:

A waypoint in RNAV is defined by:

A fly-by waypoint means the aircraft:

A fly-over waypoint requires the aircraft to:

RNP 4 means the aircraft must remain within:

LNAV/VNAV approach minimums are typically:

LPV (Localizer Performance with Vertical guidance) approaches require:

Primary radar detects targets by:

Secondary Surveillance Radar (SSR) requires the aircraft to have:

Transponder Mode A provides:

Transponder Mode C provides:

Mode S transponder provides:

The SSR interrogation frequency is:

The SSR transponder reply frequency is:

An Inertial Navigation System (INS) measures:

INS requires alignment before use to:

The main error characteristic of INS is:

The Schuler period is approximately:

A ring laser gyro (RLG) differs from a mechanical gyro in that it:

A strapdown INS differs from a platform INS in that:

INS alignment on a moving aircraft (in-flight alignment) requires:

Transport wander in INS refers to:

Doppler navigation radar measures:

Over water, a Doppler navigation system may experience:

VHF radio waves travel primarily by:

The theoretical line-of-sight range for a VHF transmitter at 400 ft and a receiver at 10,000 ft can be estimated by:

HF radio waves can propagate over long distances because they are:

The ionospheric layer most important for HF communication during the day is the:

Super-refraction of radio waves occurs when:

To identify a VOR station, the pilot uses:

A VOR radial is defined as:

To calculate the QDR (magnetic bearing FROM the station) from an RBI reading:

DME is often co-located with a VOR. The purpose of co-location is to provide:

The localizer uses which modulation tones?

On a standard ILS, the 150 Hz signal predominates on which side when facing the runway?

GPS position dilution of precision (PDOP) depends on:

WAAS is the SBAS system for:

The GPS L5 frequency is intended primarily for:

DME/DME RNAV positioning uses:

The FMS (Flight Management System) uses a multi-sensor navigation solution that typically includes:

ADS-B (Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast) transmits aircraft position determined by:

The main limitation of primary radar compared to SSR is:

Earth rate correction in an INS compensates for:

The D layer of the ionosphere primarily:

The accuracy of a conventional VOR (CVOR) is within:

The BFO (Beat Frequency Oscillator) on an ADF receiver is used to:

DME search mode occurs when:

Back-beam approaches use the ILS localizer signal from:

Ionospheric delay affects GPS signals by:

Multipath error in GPS occurs when:

The term VNAV in an FMS approach refers to:

Transponder IDENT (SPI - Special Position Identification) causes:

Mixed IRS/GPS navigation provides:

Ducting of radio waves can cause: