14 CFR 91.157 — Special VFR Weather Minimums
Allows VFR operations in controlled airspace with less than standard VFR weather when cleared by ATC. Requires 1 SM visibility and clear of clouds.
Regulation Text
Special VFR operations may be conducted in the surface areas of Class B, C, D, or E airspace only if: the person receives an appropriate ATC clearance; the flight visibility is at least 1 statute mile; and the aircraft is clear of clouds. Special VFR operations at night require instrument rating and instrument-equipped aircraft.
Note: This is an excerpt. Refer to the full regulation in eCFR for the complete text.
Plain-English Explanation
When the weather is below standard VFR minimums but not terrible, you can request a Special VFR clearance from ATC to operate within controlled surface areas. You need at least 1 mile visibility and must stay clear of clouds. At night, Special VFR requires an instrument rating and IFR-equipped aircraft. Some busy airports (listed in Part 91 Appendix D) prohibit Special VFR entirely. This is a useful tool for getting in or out of an airport with low ceilings.
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Related Regulations
14 CFR 91.155 — Basic VFR Weather Minimums
Specifies minimum flight visibility and cloud clearance requirements for VFR flight in each class of airspace.
§91.13114 CFR 91.131 — Operations in Class B Airspace
Requires an explicit ATC clearance to enter Class B airspace, operative transponder with Mode C, and specific pilot certificate requirements.
§91.12914 CFR 91.129 — Operations in Class D Airspace
Requires two-way radio communication with the control tower and compliance with ATC instructions when operating in Class D airspace.
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