14 CFR 91.111 — Operating Near Other Aircraft
Prohibits operating so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard. Formation flight requires prior arrangement.
Regulation Text
No person may operate an aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard. No person may operate an aircraft in formation flight except by arrangement with the pilot in command of each aircraft in the formation. No person may operate an aircraft, carrying passengers for hire, in formation flight.
Note: This is an excerpt. Refer to the full regulation in eCFR for the complete text.
Plain-English Explanation
Do not fly close enough to another aircraft to risk a collision. If you want to fly in formation, all PICs involved must agree to it beforehand. Formation flight is never allowed when carrying passengers for hire. This regulation works together with see-and-avoid principles to prevent mid-air collisions.
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Related Regulations
14 CFR 91.113 — Right-of-Way Rules
Establishes right-of-way hierarchy: aircraft in distress has priority, then balloons, gliders, airships, aircraft towing, with converging and head-on rules.
§91.1314 CFR 91.13 — Careless or Reckless Operation
Prohibits operating an aircraft in a careless or reckless manner so as to endanger the life or property of another.
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