14 CFR 91.129 — Operations in Class D Airspace
Requires two-way radio communication with the control tower and compliance with ATC instructions when operating in Class D airspace.
Regulation Text
Each person operating an aircraft in Class D airspace must meet the following requirements: establish two-way radio communication with the ATC facility providing air traffic services prior to entering the airspace and maintain such communications while within the airspace. Each person must comply with applicable arrival and departure instructions.
Note: This is an excerpt. Refer to the full regulation in eCFR for the complete text.
Plain-English Explanation
Before entering Class D airspace (tower-controlled airports with surface to usually 2,500 AGL), you must establish two-way radio communication with the tower. Establishing communication means the tower has responded to you using your callsign — hearing only your callsign means you are cleared to enter. If the tower says 'stand by,' that counts as establishing communication. No transponder is required for Class D alone.
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Related Regulations
14 CFR 91.126 — Operating on or in the Vicinity of an Airport in Class G Airspace
All turns in the traffic pattern at a Class G airport must be to the left unless the airport displays approved right-traffic visual indicators.
§91.13014 CFR 91.130 — Operations in Class C Airspace
Requires two-way radio communication, operative transponder with Mode C, and ATC communication before entering Class C airspace.
§91.13114 CFR 91.131 — Operations in Class B Airspace
Requires an explicit ATC clearance to enter Class B airspace, operative transponder with Mode C, and specific pilot certificate requirements.
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