Cessna 172 Skyhawk: specs, V-speeds and real costs
The Cessna 172S Skyhawk is a four-seat, high-wing trainer with a 180-hp Lycoming IO-360. Its POH gives a 124 KTAS cruise on about 10 gallons per hour and stall speeds of 48 KIAS clean and 40 KIAS with full flaps; Textron lists 878 lb of useful load. US schools rent one for about $165 an hour wet.
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124 KTAS
Cruise, 75% power
172S POH
~10 gal/hr
Fuel burn, 75% power
172S POH
878 lb
Useful load
Textron
$165/hr
Median rental, wet
15 US schools
Cessna 172 cockpit starter kit
Most 172 readers are either training, renting, or buying their first GA airplane. These are the practical basics that fit that mission.
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Cessna 172 specifications
Figures are for the 172S Skyhawk SP, the model in production since 1998 and the one most US schools fly. Each value carries the document it comes from; older models are in the by-model table.
| Dimensions | |
|---|---|
| Wingspan | 36 ft 1 in (11.0 m)[TXT, POH] |
| Length | 27 ft 2 in (8.28 m)[TXT, POH] |
| Height | 8 ft 11 in (2.72 m)[TXT, POH] |
| Wing area | 174 sq ft (16.2 m²)[TXT, POH] |
| Seats | 4[TCDS] |
| Engine | |
| Engine | Lycoming IO-360-L2A, fuel injected[TCDS] |
| Power | 180 hp at 2,700 rpm[TCDS] |
| Propeller | Two-blade, fixed pitch[POH] |
| Weights and fuel | |
| Max takeoff weight | 2,550 lb (1,157 kg)[TCDS, POH]Normal category. Utility category: 2,200 lb. Max ramp 2,558 lb. |
| Empty weight | 1,680 lb[TXT, POH]Textron, current equipment. The 2004 POH sample airplane is 1,663 lb; yours is on its weight and balance record. |
| Useful load | 878 lb[TXT, POH]Textron. 895 lb for the 2004 POH sample airplane. |
| Fuel capacity | 56 gal total, 53 gal usable[TCDS, POH] |
| Baggage | 120 lb area A + 50 lb area B, 120 lb combined[TCDS] |
| CG range | 35.0 to 47.3 in aft of datum[TCDS]Forward limit 41.0 in at 2,550 lb. |
| Performance (2,550 lb, standard day) | |
| Max speed | 126 KTAS[POH]Sea level, full throttle. |
| Cruise speed | 124 KTAS[POH, TXT]75% power at 8,500 ft (Textron's headline cruise figure). |
| Fuel burn | About 10 gal/hr[POH, AOPA]75% power at 8,000 ft per the POH cruise chart; AOPA's 1998 flight test measured 9.5 gal/hr at 75%. |
| Range | 518 nm at 75% power / 638 nm at 45%[POH, TXT]8,500 ft and 10,000 ft, 45-minute reserve. Textron rounds the long-range figure to 640 nm. |
| Rate of climb | 730 ft/min[POH, TXT]Sea level. |
| Service ceiling | 14,000 ft[POH, TXT] |
| Takeoff distance | 960 ft ground roll / 1,630 ft over 50 ft[POH, TXT] |
| Landing distance | 575 ft ground roll / 1,335 ft over 50 ft[POH, TXT] |
| Max demonstrated crosswind | 15 kt[POH]A demonstrated value, not a limitation. |
Sources
- [POH] Cessna 172S Pilot's Operating Handbook (172SPHUS-05, 2004), Sections 1, 2, 4 and 5
- [TCDS] FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet 3A12, Rev. 84 (172S limits)
- [TXT] Textron Aviation, Cessna Skyhawk specifications
- [AOPA] AOPA Pilot, Cessna Skyhawk SP flight test (September 1998)
Performance figures are for 2,550 lb, standard day, from the 172S POH Section 5. A hot day or a high field can add 40% or more to the takeoff roll: work out density altitude before you go.
Plan with your own numbers: the density altitude calculator and the fuel burn calculator take your field elevation and temperature.
Cessna 172 V-speeds
The arcs below are drawn from the 172S POH airspeed indicator markings, so they match the gauge (or the G1000 speed tape) in the airplane. One correction to a number repeated all over the internet: 110 KIAS is the flap limit only up to 10°. From 10° to 30° the limit is 85 KIAS, the top of the white arc.
- White arc 40-85 KIASFlap operating range (Vs0 to Vfe, full flaps)
- Green arc 48-129 KIASNormal operating range (Vs1 to Vno)
- Yellow arc 129-163 KIASCaution range: smooth air only
- Red line 163 KIASVne, never exceed
- Vr (rotate)
- 55 KIAS
- Lift the nose wheel (normal takeoff)
- Vx
- 62 KIAS
- Best angle of climb, sea level
- Vy
- 74 KIAS
- Best rate of climb, sea level
- Best glide
- 68 KIAS
- Engine failure, 2,550 lb
- Va
- 105 KIAS
- Maneuvering, 2,550 lb (98 at 2,200, 90 at 1,900)
- Vfe
- 110 / 85 KIAS
- Flaps 10° / flaps 10°-30°
- Vno
- 129 KIAS
- Max structural cruising
- Vne
- 163 KIAS
- Never exceed
- Vs1
- 48 KIAS
- Stall, flaps up
- Vs0
- 40 KIAS
- Stall, flaps 30°
Sources
- [POH] Cessna 172S Pilot's Operating Handbook (172SPHUS-05, 2004), Sections 1, 2, 4 and 5
- [TCDS] FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet 3A12, Rev. 84 (172S limits)
Approach speeds from the same POH: 65-75 KIAS with flaps up, 60-70 KIAS with flaps 30°, and 61 KIAS for a short-field landing. These are exactly the numbers a private pilot written exam question or a checkride examiner will ask you to read off the airspeed indicator.
Cessna 172 V-speeds by model year
Flight schools fly everything from 1970s 172Ns to new 172S airplanes, and the speeds are not the same. Use the column that matches the POH in your airplane.
| KIAS unless noted | 172S (1998-) | 172R (1997-) | 172P (1981-86) | 172N (1977-79) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Engine | 180 hp | 160 hp | 160 hp | 160 hp |
| Max takeoff weight (lb) | 2,550 | 2,450 | 2,400 | 2,300 |
| Vx | 62 | 60 | 60 | n/a* |
| Vy | 74 | 79 | 76 | 73 |
| Best glide | 68 | 65 | 65 | 65 |
| Va at max weight | 105 | 99 | 99 | 97 |
| Vfe | 110 (10°) / 85 | 110 (10°) / 85 | 110 (10°) / 85 | 85 (40° flaps) |
| Vno (top of green) | 129 | 129 | 127 | 128 |
| Vne (red line) | 163 | 163 | 158 | 160 |
| White arc | 40-85 | 33-85 | 33-85 | 41-85 |
| Green arc | 48-129 | 44-129 | 44-127 | 47-128 |
Sources
- [POH] Cessna 172S Pilot's Operating Handbook (172SPHUS-05, 2004), Sections 1, 2, 4 and 5
- [TCDS] FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet 3A12, Rev. 84 (172S limits)
- [OLD] Cessna 172R (1997), 172P (1981) and 172N (1977) Pilot's Operating Handbooks, Section 2 and 4
172N values from the 1977 POH; the 1980 172N has Vne 158 and Vno 127. *Vx is unreadable in the 1977 172N handbook copy we checked, so we do not print it. Always fly the numbers in the POH for your airplane's serial number.
Cessna 172 fuel burn and range
A 172S burns about 10 gallons per hour at 75% power (the POH cruise chart at 8,000 ft works out to roughly 10.2 gal/hr at 124 KTAS). AOPA's 1998 flight test of the Skyhawk SP measured 9.5 gal/hr at 75%. Training flights with lots of pattern work usually burn less per hour; a full-rich climb burns more.
Range from the same POH, with a 45-minute reserve and no wind: 518 nm at 75% power and 8,500 ft, and 638 nm at 45% power and 10,000 ft. The 150-160 hp 172s found at many schools typically burn about 8 gal/hr.
How much it costs to rent a Cessna 172
We read the published rate sheets of 30 US schools and flying clubs on October 3, 2026. For a round-gauge 172 the median was $165 an hour wet; glass-cockpit G1000 Skyhawks were listed between $175 and $209.
| Cessna 172, round gauges | $165/hr medianRange $105-$215 wet across 15 schools and clubs (one per operator). Schools only: $150-$215. |
|---|---|
| Cessna 172 with G1000 | $175-$209/hr5 operators; most sheets do not say wet or dry, so confirm fuel. |
| Cessna 152 (for comparison) | $137.50/hr medianRange $115-$168 wet, 6 operators. |
| Piper PA-28 Archer (for comparison) | $160/hr medianRange $123.50-$260 wet, 7 operators. |
Aircraft only, US dollars per flight hour, from published rate sheets read October 3, 2026. “Wet” means the sheet says fuel is included. Some clubs bill tach time (10-15% fewer hours than Hobbs) and add monthly dues. Instructor time is billed on top: $50-$125 per hour on the same rate sheets, about $80 typical.
Schools and clubs in the sample
- Aces High Aviation (Long Beach, CA)
- CP Aviation (Santa Paula, CA)
- EFI Flight School (Murrieta, CA)
- Fly Goodyear (Goodyear, AZ)
- Mountain Peaks Aviation (Ogden, UT)
- Pilot Rise (Dallas-Fort Worth, TX)
- The Flight School Inc. (Spring, TX)
- Texas Flight Aviation (Spring, TX)
- Metro Flyers Club (Denton, TX)
- St. Charles Flying Service (St. Charles, MO)
- St. Pete Air (St. Petersburg, FL)
- Rexair (Naples, FL)
- All2fly (Georgia)
- MacAir (Fort Knox, KY)
- Doylestown Airport (Doylestown, PA)
- Moore Aviation (Beaver Falls, PA)
- East Hill Flying Club (Ithaca, NY)
- Jersey Aero Club (Lakewood, NJ)
- TSS Flying Club (Washington, DC area)
- Prescott Flying Club (South St. Paul, MN)
- Skyhawk Flying Club (Omaha, NE)
- Bergstrom Aircraft (Pasco, WA)
- Eastern Cincinnati Aviation (Batavia, OH)
- Capital City Aviation (Columbus, OH)
- Fly Synergy (Illinois)
- Performance Flight (Westchester, NY)
- American Flight Schools (Colorado and California)
- Hoosier Aviation (Terre Haute, IN)
Budgeting a whole certificate? See the private pilot license cost guide.
Weight and balance
Textron lists a useful load of 878 lb for a current 172S. Full usable fuel, 53 gallons at 6 lb per gallon, weighs 318 lb, which leaves about 560 lb for people and baggage. Four 180-lb adults weigh 720 lb, so with four aboard you carry roughly 26 gallons (158 lb), not full tanks.
The normal-category CG range runs from 35.0 to 47.3 inches aft of the datum, with the forward limit at 41.0 inches at 2,550 lb. Baggage area A takes 120 lb and area B 50 lb, but no more than 120 lb in total. Heavy bags far aft move the CG toward the aft limit. Use your airplane's actual empty weight and moment from its weight and balance record, never the brochure figure.
Calculate your W&B: the Weight & Balance Calculator has Cessna 172 presets and plots your CG on the envelope.
History and variants
The 172 first flew in 1955 as a tricycle-gear version of the Cessna 170 and entered production for the 1956 model year. Textron Aviation said in June 2025 that more than 45,000 had been delivered.
| Year / model | What changed |
|---|---|
| 1956172 | Tricycle-gear development of the Cessna 170. Continental O-300, 145 hp, straight vertical tail. |
| 1960172A | Swept vertical tail. |
| 1963172D | Cut-down rear fuselage with the wraparound Omni-Vision rear window. |
| 1968172I | Switch to the Lycoming O-320-E2D, 150 hp. |
| 1973172M | Drooped wing leading edge (Camber-Lift) for gentler low-speed handling. |
| 1977172N | Lycoming O-320-H2AD, 160 hp; flaps to 40°; max takeoff weight 2,300 lb. |
| 1977R172K Hawk XP | Continental IO-360-K, 195 hp, constant-speed propeller. |
| 1981172P | Lycoming O-320-D2J, flaps limited to 30°, 2,400 lb. |
| 1986-96Production pause | Cessna stopped building piston singles until product-liability reform (GARA, 1994). |
| 1997172R | Fuel-injected Lycoming IO-360-L2A rated 160 hp, 2,450 lb. |
| 1998172S Skyhawk SP | Same engine rated 180 hp at 2,700 rpm, 2,550 lb. Still in production. |
| 2005172S NAV III | Garmin G1000 glass cockpit (POH original issue February 2005). |
| 2017172S G1000 NXi | Textron moves the piston line, including the 172, to the G1000 NXi. |
Why schools train in the Cessna 172
Forgiving stall
A clear buffet before the break and a conventional recovery. Stall speeds of 48 KIAS clean and 40 KIAS with full flaps give students a wide margin.
High-wing view
Nothing blocks the view of the ground below, which helps with ground-reference maneuvers and pattern work.
Tricycle gear
No ground-loop tendency, so taxiing and crosswind landings are easier while rudder skills develop. Demonstrated crosswind: 15 kt.
Parts and mechanics
With more than 45,000 built, parts and mechanics who know the type are everywhere, which keeps downtime short.
Two doors
One door per side makes entry, exit and instructor swaps easier than single-door low-wing trainers.
Strong resale
Constant demand from schools and clubs keeps used values firm.
New to all this? Start with how to become a pilot. When you are ready for the written, the PPL exam prep drills the same questions the FAA test asks, and the All-5 Exam Bundle ($39) covers PPL, IFR, Commercial, ATP and Part 107.
Cost to buy and own a Cessna 172
Rough asking-price ranges seen in 2025-2026 listings, not appraisals. Engine time, avionics and damage history move a specific airplane far outside these bands; get a pre-buy inspection and a current price guide before you offer.
| Era / model | Asking price | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| 1960s-1970s models | $40,000 - $80,000 | Older avionics; engine time drives the price. |
| 1980s (172P) | $70,000 - $120,000 | Good value with a mid-time engine and clean logs. |
| 1997-2004 (172R/S) | $120,000 - $200,000 | Fuel injection, newer airframe, round gauges. |
| 2005-2015 (172S G1000) | $180,000 - $280,000 | Glass cockpit; strong demand from schools. |
| 2018 and newer (G1000 NXi) | $250,000 and up | Near-new; ADS-B and NXi avionics. |
Operating cost (owner, 100-150 hours a year)
| Item | Cost | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Fuel (about 10 gal/hr at 75% power) | $55 - $70/hr | At $5.50-$7.00 per gallon of 100LL |
| Oil | $2 - $4/hr | Oil and filter change every 50 hours |
| Engine reserve | $20 - $30/hr | Lycoming's recommended TBO for the IO-360-L2A is 2,000 hours |
| Annual inspection | $1,500 - $3,000/yr | More if squawks are found |
| Insurance | $1,500 - $4,000/yr | Depends on pilot experience, hull value and use |
| Hangar or tiedown | $200 - $800/mo | Hangared airplanes keep their value better |
| Rental instead of owning | $165/hr median, wet | Measured on 15 US rate sheets, October 2026 (see the rental table) |
Plan your fuel costs: the Fuel Burn Calculator turns distance, power setting and the local avgas price into dollars.
Common issues and maintenance
Nose gear shimmy
A worn shimmy dampener is common on high-use trainers. It is an inexpensive part, but severe shimmy can damage the nose gear and firewall, so do not defer it.
Exhaust system cracks
Muffler and exhaust cracks from heat cycling are a carbon monoxide risk. Inspect them carefully at every annual and carry a CO detector.
Seat rail AD (AD 2011-10-09)
A seat that slips aft on takeoff has caused fatal accidents. Make sure the locking pins fully engage before every flight and pull on the seat to check.
Fuel selector valve leaks
Older 172s can leak at the selector between the pilot's legs. A fuel smell in the cabin is a reason to land.
Magneto wear
Magnetos need periodic inspection; impulse-coupling problems show up as hard starting. Some owners switch to electronic ignition by STC.
172N camshaft and lifter wear
The O-320-H2AD in the 1977-80 172N had well-known cam and lifter problems. Many have been converted to the O-320-D2J by STC; check the engine logbook.
Flap motor and actuator
Electric flaps can get slow or stop. Lubrication of the flap tracks and actuator at inspections extends their life.
Vacuum pump failure
Dry vacuum pumps fail without warning, taking the attitude and heading indicators with them in round-gauge airplanes. In the G1000 172S the vacuum system drives only the standby attitude indicator.
Pre-buy tip: have an independent A&P/IA inspect any used 172 before you buy: compressions, oil analysis history, corrosion and AD compliance.
Cessna 172 vs Cessna 152 vs Piper PA-28
The three airplanes most US students train in, with the same definitions for each number.
Side by side
Cessna 152 vs Cessna 172 vs Piper PA-28 Archer
1978-85, 110 hp
- Seats
- 2
- Max takeoff weight
- 1,670 lb
- Cruise speed
- 107 KTAS
- Usable fuel
- 24.5 gal
- Demo crosswind
- 12 kt
- Median rental, wet
- $137.50/hr
172S, 180 hp
- Seats
- 4
- Max takeoff weight
- 2,550 lb
- Cruise speed
- 124 KTAS
- Usable fuel
- 53 gal
- Demo crosswind
- 15 kt
- Median rental, wet
- $165/hr
Archer, 180 hp
- Seats
- 4
- Max takeoff weight
- 2,550 lb
- Cruise speed
- 128 KTAS*
- Usable fuel
- 48 gal
- Demo crosswind
- 17 kt
- Median rental, wet
- $160/hr
Sources
- [152] Cessna 152 POH (1979), Sections 1, 4 and 5; FAA TCDS 3A19 Rev. 50
- [172] Cessna 172S POH (172SPHUS-05, 2004); FAA TCDS 3A12 Rev. 84
- [PA28] Piper PA-28-181 Archer III POH (VB-1563), Sections 2 and 4; Piper 2026 Archer LX spec sheet
- [RATES] Published rate sheets of 30 US flight schools and flying clubs, read October 3, 2026
*Piper publishes 128 KTAS as the Archer LX maximum cruise speed; Cessna figures are 75% power at 8,000-8,500 ft. Rental medians: 6 (C152), 15 (C172) and 7 (Archer) US operators, wet rates.
Piper PA-28 (Warrior, Archer)
Pros: Low wing, wide gear stance, 17 kt demonstrated crosswind on the Archer, similar rental price.
Cons: Single door on the right side; less view of the ground in turns.
Diamond DA40
Pros: Composite airframe, large canopy, modern avionics.
Cons: Fewer airplanes and mechanics outside big schools; parts are dearer.
Cirrus SR20
Pros: Parachute (CAPS), side-stick, faster.
Cons: Much more expensive to rent and insure.
Cessna 152
Pros: Cheapest to rent ($137.50 median), simple.
Cons: Two seats and 1,670 lb max weight: tight for two larger adults.
Choosing between the two most common four-seaters? Read Piper Archer vs Cessna 172, and practice crosswind numbers with the crosswind calculator.
Cessna 172 weight & balance, on your iPhone
Rotate E6B Flight Computer ships with a Cessna 172S profile: enter seats, fuel and baggage and it plots your CG inside the envelope, offline, with every step of the math shown. Swap the sample numbers for your airplane’s POH and weighing report. You are on a computer now, so we will send the App Store link to your email — open it on your phone.
One email with the link, nothing else. Or see it on the App Store. Free download. Wind triangle, crosswind, time/speed/distance, fuel and conversions are free for good; weight & balance, density altitude, TAS and the FAA practice set are a $9.99 one-time unlock. No subscription.
Gear for the Cessna 172
The kit that actually rides along in a Cessna 172 — picked from what trainers and owners already use.
New to flying? See our best budget aviation headsets under $300
Cessna 172 FAQ
What are the Cessna 172 V-speeds?
For the 172S (1998 onward) the POH gives: rotate 55 KIAS, Vx 62, Vy 74, best glide 68, Va 105 at 2,550 lb (98 at 2,200 lb, 90 at 1,900 lb), Vfe 110 with 10° of flap and 85 from 10° to 30°, Vno 129, Vne 163, stall 48 clean and 40 with full flaps. Older 172s differ: a 172P has Vy 76 and Vne 158, a 172N Vy 73 and Vne 160.
How much fuel does a Cessna 172 burn per hour?
About 10 gallons per hour at 75% power for a 180-hp 172S, according to the POH cruise chart at 8,000 ft; AOPA's 1998 flight test measured 9.5 gal/hr at 75%. Older 150-160 hp Skyhawks typically burn around 8 gal/hr. Plan with your airplane's POH and add taxi, climb and reserve fuel.
How much does it cost to rent a Cessna 172?
On the published rate sheets we read on October 3, 2026, a round-gauge Cessna 172 rented for $105 to $215 an hour wet, with a median of $165 across 15 US schools and clubs. G1000 Skyhawks were listed at $175 to $209. A flight instructor costs extra, $50 to $125 an hour on the same sheets.
How fast does a Cessna 172 fly?
A 172S cruises at 124 knots true airspeed (about 143 mph) at 75% power and 8,500 ft, and its top speed is 126 KTAS at sea level. Its never-exceed speed is 163 KIAS. Older 150-160 hp models cruise a little slower.
How far can a Cessna 172 fly?
With 53 usable gallons, the 172S POH gives 518 nautical miles at 75% power at 8,500 ft and 638 nm at 45% power at 10,000 ft, both with a 45-minute reserve and no wind. Real-world legs are shorter once you add winds and taxi and climb fuel.
What is the useful load of a Cessna 172?
Textron lists 878 lb for a current 172S. Full usable fuel (53 gal at 6 lb/gal) weighs 318 lb, which leaves about 560 lb for people and bags. Four adults and full tanks usually do not fit, so run a weight and balance for every flight using your airplane's actual empty weight.
What is the max crosswind for a Cessna 172?
The maximum demonstrated crosswind velocity in the 172S POH is 15 knots. It is the highest crosswind tested during certification, not a structural limit, but many schools set it as the student solo limit or lower.
What is the stall speed of a Cessna 172?
For a 172S at 2,550 lb the POH lists 48 KIAS with flaps up and 40 KIAS with flaps 30°, wings level. Those are the bottoms of the green and white arcs on the airspeed indicator. Stall speed rises with bank angle and weight.
How many Cessna 172s have been built?
Textron Aviation said in June 2025, at the type's 70th anniversary, that more than 45,000 Skyhawks had been delivered, more than any other airplane.
Cessna 172 vs Piper PA-28: which is better for training?
Both are four-seat, fixed-gear trainers with similar costs. The 172 is a high-wing airplane with a door on each side and an easier view of the ground; the PA-28 is a low-wing airplane with a single door, a wider stance and, on the Archer, 17 kt of demonstrated crosswind. Rental prices are close: $165 versus $160 median in our sample. Train in whichever your school keeps best maintained and most available.
Compare the aircraft guides
Same format in every guide: spec tables with their sources, V-speeds from the POH and rental costs measured on real rate sheets.
Cessna 152
2 seats · high wing · fixed gear · 110 hp
Cessna 172 Skyhawk You are here
4 seats · high wing · fixed gear · 180 hp (172S)
Piper PA-28 Cherokee
4 seats · low wing · fixed gear · 140-180 hp
Cessna 182 Skylane
4 seats · high wing · fixed gear · 230 hp (182T)
Mooney M20
4 seats · low wing · retractable gear
Cirrus SR22
Low wing · fixed gear · 310 hp · airframe parachute (CAPS)
Beechcraft Bonanza
6 seats (G36) · low wing · retractable gear · 300 hp
Garmin G1000
Glass cockpit: PFD, MFD and the knobs that run them
Related tools and guides
Weight & Balance Calculator
Cessna 172 presets and the CG envelope.
Density Altitude Calculator
Adjust 172 performance for hot and high fields.
Crosswind Calculator
Headwind and crosswind components for any runway.
Budget Aviation Headsets
First-headset picks for student pilots and renters under $300.
Best Flight Bags
Organize headset, kneeboard, logbook, EFB and checkride gear.
Flying the 172? Pass the written too
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